Introduction. A modern strategy for reducing mortality from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) includes reducing the prevalence of behavioral risk factors (RF), starting in childhood and adolescence. Purpose of the study. Based on the results of monitoring behavioral risk factors of NCDs, it is scientifically substantiated the need to organize a public health sector in the field of healthcare, as well as the implementation of the program “General educational acmeological system for the formation of a healthy lifestyle“ AKMEZOZH ”. Materials and methods. Behavioral RF monitoring was carried out in 1027 preschool children, 424 rural and 1225 urban schoolchildren, for comparison - in 3259 adults. FRs were evaluated according to the protocol of the WHO program “Healthy children in healthy families”. Results and discussion. The high prevalence and ambiguous dynamics of RF at the turn of the century among children, adolescents and adults has been established. Positive trends have been observed in nutrition and the level of physical activity. The prevalence of obesity, alcohol and smoking has increased. The leading cause of epidemiological troubles in NCDs is the weakness of the determinants of a healthy lifestyle (HLS) and the predominance of the forces that form RF, as well as the violation of psychological and pedagogical laws and principles of the formation of HLS. To successfully combat NCDs, an innovative three-sector holistic healthcare system has been scientifically substantiated, including the public health sector, the medical sector and the environmental health sector. The implementation of the program "General educational acmeological system of a healthy lifestyle - AKMEZOZH" is recommended. Conclusion. The creation of a public health sector and the implementation of the AKMEZOZH program will allow Russia to become one of the world leaders in a healthy nation.