Introduction. Anemia is a common disease that affects about 1.6 billion people worldwide. Given that statistics are kept on the underlying disease, it is difficult to judge the actual prevalence of anemia in real practice. Objective: to analyze the data on the general incidence of anemia in the Central Federal District (CFD) of the Russian Federation, in particular, on the territory of the Voronezh Region, among the able-bodied population and the population over working age. Results and discussion. In the Voronezh region, compared with the all-Russian data, compared with 2016, there is a decrease in the number of registered patients by 21.4 cases per 100 thousand population, which is ahead of the general downward trend the incidence of anemia in people of working age in the Central Federal District. In the Voronezh region, the number of registered patients with anemia among the population over working age is in 2016 - 444.9 and 368.9 per 100 thousand of the population in 2017. In the Voronezh region, the dynamics of the incidence in the group of people over working age is non-linear (R2 = 0.3543). Conclusion. The incidence of anemia in 2013-2017 in different age groups in the Voronezh region was 2.57 lower than in the whole of the Russian Federation, which probably indicates the need to develop and implement measures to increase the detection of anemic syndrome while providing primary medical and social care.