Introduction. For the development of integrated systems of organizational and treatment-and-prophylactic measures in the practice of a family doctor, aimed at reducing the incidence of adolescents and improving their health, factors that contribute to the development of diseases in adolescence should be identified. Purpose. Identify common risk factors for disease among adolescent children. Materials and methods. In April 2019, according to a specially designed questionnaire, 157 adolescents were surveyed at the secondary school in Tursunzade (Republic of Tajikistan). Results and discussion. The results of the study revealed a number of risk factors for diseases: every fifth adolescent has an anamnesis burdened with hereditary diseases, and every seventh adolescent parents (fathers) smoke. Every fifth teenager is often sick and only two thirds of adolescents rate themselves as healthy at the time of the study. Almost every tenth teenager notes signs of depression. The study showed that adolescents do not smoke, do not consume narcotic substances, and the majority did not consume alcohol in life (98,1%) and did not enter into early sexual relations (99,4%). At the same time, having early sexual contacts have several sexual partners and do not use condoms. An insufficient level of knowledge of adolescents on healthy lifestyle, ways of HIV transmission and methods of contraception has been identified. Conclusion. Family doctors should continuously raise the awareness of adolescents, school teachers and families; actively conduct annual preventive examinations with the development of an individual health plan for each teenager; medical examination, early detection and treatment, prevention of disease recurrence in adolescents.