Introduction. The Maternal and Child Welfare Service implements measures aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of the female and child population. The most significant performance criteria for this service are the indicators of public health (medical and demographic, morbidity, disability), as well as the performance of medical organizations that reflect the medical and social effectiveness of medical care. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the activities of medical organizations that provide medical assistance to the female and child population in the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (based on materials from the Trans-Baikal Territory). Material and methods. The socio-hygienic assessment of the performance indicators of the maternal and child health services in the Trans-Baikal Territory was carried out on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of indicators characterizing obstetric, gynecological and pediatric services: studying the resource supply of medical organizations, indicators of the health of children and women, the level of reproductive losses, over the period from 2012 to 2018. The study was conducted on the basis of materials of state statistical reporting of the MIAC State Institution using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software package. Results. In the course of his own research aimed at studying the performance indicators of the maternal and child health services of the Trans-Baikal Territory for the period from 2012 to 2018. It has been established that the resource endowment indicators of medical organizations are below standard values, which leads to a limitation of the availability of medical care to the population. When assessing the medical and social effectiveness of healthcare institutions providing medical care to women and children, an increase in the level of reproductive losses was revealed, mainly due to prenatal and feto-infantile losses. Findings: 1) a high level of reproductive losses leads to a decrease in the reproductive potential of the population of the region; 2) a negative assessment of the health indicators of the female and children's population indicates a low medical and preventive activity and the limited availability of medical care; 3) insufficient resource provision of the maternal and child health services may lead to violations of the procedures for the provision of medical care.