The comparison of the quality of life of different segments of the population living in the same territory allows to assess the state of health, the most vulnerable areas of life, requiring certain management decisions. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the quality of life of civilians and military personnel in the Arctic territory of the Arkhangelsk region to determine the factors affecting it. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional one-step sociological survey was conducted using a short version of the WHO questionnaire among the population living in the Arctic territories of the Arkhangelsk region, including 250 military personnel serving under contract in the region and 242 civilian representatives of the population of the region who meet the criteria for inclusion. Results and discussion. The studied groups were similar in age structure, but differed in education, income, and marital status. The arithmetic average of the quality of life of military personnel was 100.9 points (77.6% of the maximum possible), while the quality of life of men living in these territories was 91.3 points (70.2% of the maximum possible). In both groups under study, the sphere of social well-being received the lowest rating of all that make up the general assessment of the quality of life. Conclusion. In the Arctic territories of the Arkhangelsk region, the difference in the assessment of the quality of life by military personnel and civilian men was statistically significant. Modern conditions of military service have their negative sides, but they do not have a significant overall negative effect on the quality of life of military personnel in comparison with the civilian population of the region.