The incidence of thyroid diseases is of great demand at the present stage. For planning and conducting activities to improve assistance and social adaptation among children aged 0-17 years, it is important to study the patterns of development of pathology and its consequences. Purpose: to analyze the incidence of children under the age of 17 years inclusive of thyroid diseases in the Russian Federation for 2014-2018 years. Materials and methods: incidence of children under the age of 17 years inclusive of thyroid diseases in the Russian Federation for 2014-2018 years analyzed on the basis of reporting forms of federal statistical observation, form № 12 “Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the service area of a medical organization”, approved by Order of the Federal State Statistics Service dated December 24, 2018 year № 773. Results: the article presents the dynamics of the incidence of children under the age of 17 years inclusive of thyroid diseases in the Russian Federation for 2014-2018. In the structure of the primary and general incidence of thyroid diseases among children, the first place is occupied by endemic goiter, which is associated with iodine deficiency, the second place is taken by other forms of non-toxic goiter. Among children, the highest rates of thyroid gland morbidity occurred at the age of 15-17 years, of which girls are higher than boys of this age. Conclusions: in the dynamics for 2014-2018 years in the Russian Federation, there is a stabilization of the overall incidence of thyroid diseases and a tendency towards a decrease in the primary incidence of these diseases among children aged 0-17 years. Strengthen preventive measures to reduce the incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency in children.