Socio–economic burden analysis (hereinafter referred to as SEB) is one of the types of analysis in OTP, which does not imply a comparison of two or more methods of diagnosis and treatment in terms of clinical effectiveness, but takes into account direct and indirect costs. The main difficulties of the method are the search for information about costs, information about the number of disabled people in the cohort, the availability of police registers of patients with the disease, with information about the days of disability. When planning a SEB study for any pathology, it is necessary to choose the position of the researcher, namely, at what level the costs will be calculated, and who will make decisions. In the presented study of SEB diseases of the spectrum of opticoneuromyelitis (hereinafter – ZSONM), the position of the researcher: The "state", i.e. the goal is to predict changes in the need for funding during the implementation of a target program or the introduction of a new method of diagnosis or treatment. The time horizon of the study is 1 year. The purpose of the study. Calculate the socio–economic burden of diseases of the spectrum of opticoneuromyelitis. Material and methods: data from the ZSONM police patient register containing information about 161 patients under observation in the subjects of the Russian Federation. Material costs. included and calculated in the study SEB ZSONM: direct and indirect. Direct costs measure the cost of resources used for the diagnosis, observation and treatment of the underlying disease and complications, as well as for social benefits, while indirect costs measure the value of the state resources lost as a result of the disease in the form of the gross product lost (hereinafter referred to as GDP). Direct costs are divided into medical costs or costs of providing medical care and non-medical costs - payments on disability certificates and social disability payments. Direct medical costs are calculated on the basis of the Program of state guarantees and tariffs for the provision of free medical care to the population. Indirect medical costs are calculated based on social benefits for disability, depending on the disability group, according to data for 2021. Results and conclusions: thus, the conducted study showed that the ratio of direct and indirect costs for diseases of the spectrum of opticoneuromyelitis is 90/10, i.e. direct and indirect medical costs are 9 times greater than the indirect losses of the state. However, when modeling a situation in which we use pathogenetic therapy and do not lose GDP, it turns out that a population of 660 patients, who all belong to the able-bodied population, with an expected duration of working age from 10 to 25 years, will be able to earn from 8.5 to 21 billion. rubles, which covers the cost of pathogenetic therapy for a 6-year period of therapy and follow-up.