Introduction. A long-term analysis of the birth rate in the Belgorod region was carried out, an analysis of the dynamics of the birth rate in the districts of the region, areas with high and low birth rates were identified. The main socio-economic measures aimed at improving the reproduction of the population have been studied. The purpose of the study is to study the regional characteristics of the demographic situation, to determine the main medical and social factors aimed at the reproduction of the population. Research methods and materials: an assessment of the main demographic indicators of the Belgorod region from 1990 to 2021 was carried out. Data obtained from official sources of the Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service. Results. The study found that the maximum birth rate for the entire study period was recorded in 1990 and amounted to 12.9 ‰. In 1991-2000 there was a sharp decline in the birth rate to 8‰. In 2001-2015 there was a slow but steady growth in the birth rate up to 11.6‰. Since 2016, a decrease in the birth rate has been recorded, reaching a historical minimum in 2020 - 8.0 ‰. It is shown that the birth rate in the region had a strong negative correlation with the number of women of childbearing age (0.69), mortality in the region (0.66), perinatal mortality (0.71), the number of abortions (0.61), the prevalence of syphilis (0.82), the number of IVF cycles performed (0.96) and the incidence of tuberculosis (0.86). Positive correlations were established with the number of women aged 25-29 years (0.96) and the number of diagnosed cancers in the region (0.75). Conclusion. The birth rate in the region has a negative trend, strong negative correlations have been established with some medical and social factors, the weakening of which will contribute to a more stable dynamics of population reproduction and have a positive effect on the birth rate. Additional measures taken by local social protection authorities to support families at the birth of children have a positive effect. The results of the study were taken into account in the formation of a regional program to increase the birth rate for the period 2023-2025.