Relevance. The high level of scientific and technical development of such a branch of medicine as neurosurgery, high requirements for the education and qualifications of neurosurgeons require research and improvement of the possibilities of their theoretical training and development of practical skills. The aim of the study was to investigate the modern technologies for training neurosurgeons and possible problems in their training for the development of more advanced forms of education in the future. The research method was the study of relevant scientific literature on the experience of training neurosurgeons, published in the databases of eLibrary, PubMed, Google Scholar in 2015-2023. Results and discussion. The article presents the results of the analysis of modern approaches in the training of neurosurgeons, the possibility of using information technology. Currently, training with the help of the organization of simulation centers is being actively investigated. Virtual reality models are three-dimensional models widely used modern computer technologies that allow using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data to recreate human anatomy in virtual space, which is especially important for understanding the complex anatomy of the central nervous system and spatial relationships between anatomical structures in three dimensions. These can be: simplified virtual reality systems that represent only a computer-user interface, without sensory interaction of the user; augmented virtual reality systems that allow the user to interact and work manually more actively using external props; immersive virtual reality systems are the most technologically advanced systems involving the creation of a physical presence in virtual space and the presence of primary sensory input/output, as well as the presence of tactile and kinesthetic modalities. At the same time, it is relevant to assess the available knowledge of neurosurgeons of certain specializations. The possibilities of participation of multidisciplinary teams in solving complex neurosurgical cases are considered. The possibilities of using specialized Internet resources (online atlases, textbooks, online courses, etc.) are also considered as possible sources of obtaining knowledge by neurosurgeons in modern conditions. Social networks are analyzed in providing an online platform for professional communication and mentoring, professional development and international cooperation. It is noted that academic activity and academic productivity positively correlate with residency programs and subsequent productivity of practical activities of neurosurgeons, which underlines the relevance of measures to initiate continuous training and education of neurosurgeons, including self-education using physical simulators and virtual reality simulators. Conclusions. At the moment, the main problem in the training of neurosurgeons lies in the limited access to manipulation with real patients and limited time to acquire practical skills. Currently, the training of a neurosurgeon outside the operating room is a priority worldwide. The high cost and bulkiness of simulation centers should encourage the creation of new learning technologies from the field of virtual reality.