Overview. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a technique of magnetic-resonance imaging and currently studied and used in clinical practice. An important advantage of this technique is the ability to measure fractional anisotropy (FA), which make it possible to quantify changes in the brain substance. Goal. In a review of the literature data, we present the available information on the study of FA of various centers and pathways of the central nervous system (CNS) in geriatrics. FA changes study are modern and precise tool for neuroscience of aging. Results. With the aging process FA getting smaller, which reflects involution in healthy aging as well as in different pathologic processes, such as neurodegeneration, vascular changes and various different condition. These changes may be seen in a brain as a whole, but also in some key brain structures, such as a fornix. Conclusions. Changes of the FA may be implemented in gerontology research as a valuable tool as the biomarker of the nervous system aging.