Objective. To analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the cancer screening program in the Gomel region, to identify difficulties in the organization of cancer screening and mechanisms to overcome them. Material and methods. The data on population coverage by screening and cancer detection according to the reports of health care organizations of Gomel region were analyzed. Regulatory and legal documents regulating the implementation of the screening program were also used. The methods of descriptive statistics, analysis of the dynamics of indicators, comparative and structural analysis, and cartographic method were used. Results. Over the period 2017-2022, there is an increase in the population coverage of all types of screening (breast, prostate, cervical and colorectal cancer) and an increase in the detection of cancer cases. However, challenges have been identified: insufficient cancer screening coverage in some areas, lack of resource provision, reduced availability of screening during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion. Optimization of cancer screening requires a comprehensive approach to its organization: expansion of the infrastructure for screening tests in district centers, centralization of resources, stimulation of the population, information about screening, integration of screening into the system of population health check-ups, adjustment of the regulatory and legal framework to clarify the specifics of the organization and conduct of screening in conditions of potential worsening of the epidemic situation.