Introduction. The structure and dynamics of indicators of primary disability due to diseases of the eye and its adnexa among the adult population of the Russian Federation (RF) are key in assessing the level of provision of patients with timely medical care and a complex of rehabilitation measures. Purpose. To study the structure and dynamics of primary disability due to diseases of the eye and its adnexa among the adult population of the RF for the period from 2016 to 2019. Materials and methods. For a retrospective analysis, statistical compilations of the FSBI FB MSE of Mintrud of Russia, reporting forms № 7 Social security, approved by Rosstat of Russia, for 2016 to 2019 were used. Results. Primary disability due to eye diseases ranks 7th among the total number of primary disability due to all diseases, having a stable share in the years of observation (3,0% on average per year). The number of people recognized as disabled for the first time and the level of primary disability due to diseases of the eye and its adnexa are characterized by a downward trend in indicators. During the study period, in the structure of primary disability due to diseases of the eye and its adnexa in the RF, taking into account age, the prevalence of disabled persons of retirement age was noted, the number and level of disability of whom decreased from 13 508 to 12 952 people and from 3,8 to 3,6 (by 10 thousand corresponding adult population), respectively, and the share increased from 65,7% to 69,1%. In the structure of PI due to diseases of the eye and its adnexa in the RF, taking into account the disability groups, disabled persons of the III group prevail with a tendency to decrease their number from 8 442 to 7 491 people, the specific weight from 41,0 to 40,0% and the level of disability from 0,7 to 0,6 in the years of observation. Conclusion. A tendency of a decrease in the level of primary disability due to diseases of the eye and its adnexa was noted, which is a consequence of an increase in the level of qualified ophthalmological care in the RF.