Introduction. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most severe types of trauma in terms of both death and long-term consequences. To plan and implement measures to improve medical care, develop and make organizational decisions to prevent TBI in the adult population, it is necessary to study the patterns of incidence of TBI in the adult population. Purpose: to study regional features of the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in the adult population in the Chelyabinsk region. Materials and methods. Analyzed the information of the form of federal statistical observation № 57 «Information about injuries, poisonings and some other consequences of external causes» approved by order of Rosstat dated December 27, 2016 № 866 (as amended on August 30, 2019) «On approval of statistical tools for organizing federal statistical monitoring in the field of health care by the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation», statistical reference books of the Federal Research Institutе for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. Results and discussion. The analysis of the main epidemiological indicators made it possible to identify multidirectional trends in the incidence of TBI in the adult population in the Chelyabinsk region and the Russian Federation. With a decrease in the incidence from injuries, poisonings and some other consequences of external causes in the Russian Federation, an increase in the incidence is noted in the Chelyabinsk region. In the Chelyabinsk region, compared with the Russian Federation, the average long-term incidence rate of the adult population from TBI is 2.02 times higher. In the Russian Federation, there is a trend towards a decrease in the incidence rate for certain nosological forms of TBI in 2021 compared to 2016, both in the group of the entire adult population and in the groups of the adult population of working age, the adult population older than working age. A similar trend is observed in the Chelyabinsk region, with the exception of the incidence of the adult population of working age according to the nosological form of «injury to the eye and orbit (S05)». In the Chelyabinsk region, according to the nosological form «injury of the eye and orbit (S05)», the incidence increased by 12.29%, in the Russian Federation - decreased by 17.63%. In comparison with the Russian Federation, the Chelyabinsk region is distinguished by a high level of traumatism, including TBI, which requires a targeted prevention program. Conclusion. The downward trend in the incidence of TBI in the adult population of the Chelyabinsk Region suggests that there is an opportunity to manage the situation with respect to traumatic brain injury by further improving measures aimed at developing a targeted program for preventing the incidence of TBI in the adult population.