Introduction. Biological age reflects various pathophysiological processes and disorders occurring at the molecular and cellular levels, and therefore, unlike chronological age, allows us to objectively assess the degree of influence of pathological abnormalities on the development of certain diseases. However, information about the biological age in patients 45-59 years old with diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus is extremely limited. Purpose of the study. Analysis of the features of biological age as a new risk factor for ophthalmic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. Among 580 patients with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus, the biological, chronological and proper age, the difference between biological and chronological age, the coefficient of aging rate according to the Voitenko V.P. et al. [1984] method were studied. The diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy was carried out based on a comprehensive ophthalmological examination using clinical and instrumental methods. The comparison group consisted of patients aged 60-74 years with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus in the number of 324 people. The criterion X2 was used to assess the reliability of the differences between the groups. Results. It was found that in patients aged 45-59 years with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes, the chronological age was 51,28±2,06 years, and the biological age was 59,72±3,41 years, which indicates an acceleration of the biological age by +8,44±0,16 years. The proper biological age (50,62±1,78 years) in this group was statistically significantly lower than the biological age (p