Resume. Introduction (relevance). Aging is one of the complex biological processes that is associated with the restructuring of all organs and systems. Researchers are very interested in the mechanism of premature aging and its connection with atherosclerosis. The problem of prevention and effective treatment of disorders of cerebral circulation still has no satisfactory solution, despite many years of fundamental and applied research. Goal. Analysis of recent studies studying the development of premature aging and the relationship with the mechanism of development of atherosclerosis. Materials and methods. Analysis of theoretical and practical research, comparison and synthesis of opinions. Results. The mechanism of development of premature aging and atherosclerosis has similar signs. The interrelation of the theory of aging and the theory of atherogenesis was revealed, which indicates the complexity of these processes and the involvement of combinations of quantitative and qualitative disorders of the body in it. The analyzed studies have shown that a decrease in vascular elasticity is associated with the development of aging processes and the progression of atherosclerosis against this background. Discussions. The etiology of the development of premature aging and its connection with atherosclerosis is not fully understood. Conclusions (conclusion). Further research should continue to analyze this problem and find out the chronological sequence of the mechanisms of development of premature aging and atherosclerosis.