Background: endocrine system diseases represent an acute medical and social problem for all mankind. A steady increase in the prevalence of endocrine system diseases, as well as the fact that the diseases most often affect young able-bodied population becomes a fundamental factor for the modernization and reform of the health care system. Aim: to evaluate the human resource potential in the provision of medical care, to determine the main aspects of the development of care to the population of the Russian Federation in the profile of endocrinology. Мaterials and methods: content analysis of normative documents, Rosstat data, literary sources publicly available on eLIBRARY.RU and PubMed, Web of Science on the research topic. Results: analysis of the structure of endocrine system diseases of the adult Russian population revealed three leading positions: diabetes mellitus (51.3%), thyroid disease (33.7%) and obesity (14.6%). The analysis of staffing capacity over a ten-year period revealed a significant shortage of endocrinologists (about 24%, and 39% of pediatric endocrinologists), despite the constant growth in their number. For the period 1997-2021 in Russia, there has been a reduction in the number of beds in state medical organizations by 705.6 (40%); the average index of the provision of beds for 24-hour therapeutic hospitals has decreased to 70.3 in 2021. Conclusions: the steady growth of morbidity and disability, as well as high mortality rates, leave the issue of modernization of endocrinology care open and require close attention of the state and, in particular, the health care system.