Due to the global geopolitical crisis which is developed now, growth of military expenses, possibilities of the budget for financing of the state projects are reduced. In these conditions it is important to place correctly priorities and to set attainable aims at implementation of social state programs to which also federal projects as a part of the priority Health care project belong. The purpose of this article consisted in that, taking into account an epidemiological and social and economic burden of diseases of the blood circulatory system and malignant new growths to carry out the critical analysis of priorities of the national Health care project providing the large amounts of financing of the actions directed to "fight" against these diseases. Materials and methods. The research is based on data from registers of accounts of the medical care provided to the insured citizens. The population given about mortality are taken from annual S-51 form table "Distribution of the dead-on gender and age groups and causes of death", about quantity of cases of hospitalization – from a form of federal statistical observation No. 14 "Data on activity of divisions of the medical organizations providing medical care in stationary conditions". For assessment of the obtained data methods of descriptive statistics, arithmetic-mean sizes, specific the weight of values of indicators were used. Results. In comparison with other countries, damage caused by blood circulatory system diseases to health of the population of Russia significantly exceeds damage from malignant new growths. From blood circulatory system diseases three times more people, than annually die of malignant new growths. The number of the lost years of potential life as a result of premature mortality from BSK in the Russian Federation are twice more, than as a result of premature mortality from malignant new growths. Loss of men at working-age from BSK is five times more, than women. Real number of patients (natural persons) which specialized medical care at BSK is provided, in 6 times more of annual volumes of the same help at malignant new growths. At the same time the planned expenses of the federal budget on the federal project of "Fight against cardiovascular diseases" are 13 times less, than expenses on the federal project "Fight against Oncological Diseases". Conclusions. Fight against diseases of the blood circulatory system isn't less important for society, than with new growths, is much more expensive, but has more chances of progress. Therefore, the existing difference in the amounts of financing of two major federal projects is represented non-optimal. In Russia as in the country of average economic development but having the best opportunities for prosperity in modern conditions, the death rate from new growths will grow together with economic growth because of the increased expected life expectancy of the population. The new branch policy of the state based on fundamental base of the medical science created by scientific and practical shots of the top skills, not lost interaction with the real sector of medicine and health care is necessary.