Relevance. The incidence of syphilis is considered to be a marker of epidemiological well-being for sexually transmitted infections. Objective: to analyze the dynamics of the incidence of syphilis in the Russian Federation in 2017-2022. Materials and methods. The following methods were used in the study: content analysis, analytical, statistical. The collections "Resources and activities of medical organizations of dermatovenerological profile", reporting forms of federal statistical observation No. 9 "Information about sexually transmitted infections and infectious skin diseases " and No. 34 "Information on patients with diseases mainly transmitted sexually and infectious skin diseases", No. 30 "Information about a medical organization" were used. The results of the study. The analysis of the incidence of syphilis in the Russian Federation for 2017-2022 showed an increase in the incidence by 3.1%. The highest incidence rates of syphilis in 2022 were recorded in Moscow (80.9 per 100,000 population) and the Republic of Tyva (61.9), and the lowest in the Republic of Kalmykia (1.5) and Komi (2.2), Ulyanovsk Region (2.2). The share of migrants in the Russian Federation increased from 19.6% in 2017 to 44.7% in 2022. The highest figure in 2022 was in Moscow – 80.5% of all newly registered cases of syphilis in the region. The forms of syphilis registered in migrants are mostly late and unspecified in terms of the duration of infection, that is, infection occurred long before (more than 2-3 years) before the diagnosis is made. Conclusion. In the post-ovarian period in the Russian Federation, as in other countries, an increase in the incidence of syphilis was detected. After the lifting of quarantine restrictions, migrants in the Russian Federation began to play an important role. It is necessary to develop regulatory documents regulating laboratory tests for syphilis, which would correspond to the current level of methods for detecting and diagnosing syphilis.