Abstract. The article provides a comprehensive assessment of epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis in the institutions of the penitentiary facilities, as well as indicators of the quality of laboratory diagnostics, the effectiveness of treatment and the quality of preventive measures. Based on the analysis, therapeutic and organizational measures were proposed to improve the work on countering the spread and occurrence of tuberculosis in institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The aim of the study was to prepare motivated proposals to improve the work on countering the emergence and spread of tuberculosis in modern conditions based on the analysis of the epidemic situation, the quality of laboratory diagnostics and the effectiveness of treatment and preventive measures. Methods: analyzed data from official statistical observation (forms of federal, industry, departmental and one-time statistical observation). Extensive and intensive indicators, ratio indicators, 95% confidence intervals, statistical significance of differences were calculated, and regression analysis was performed. Results. It has been established that the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia is assessed as stable with a persistent trend towards improvement, as evidenced by the dynamics of morbidity, prevalence and mortality from tuberculosis. The strategy to counteract the spread of HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB/HIV), which has a preventive focus in the form of measures to increase the coverage of antiretroviral therapy and chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis, is justified, which resulted in a significant improvement in TB/HIV indicators. At the same time, today there are a number of problematic issues related to the bacteriological diagnosis of tuberculosis, which, against the background of an increase in cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, may have a negative impact on the epidemic situation in institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.