The most important area of social insurance, both chronologically and logically, is health insurance. Medical care for citizens under traditional health insurance is provided by doctors in public hospitals on the basis of contracts concluded between the insured and the bodies responsible for their maintenance. Health insurance guarantees the provision of a certain range of free medical services to citizens in the event of an insured event (violation of health conditions). Comprehensive coverage of the population with medical care is ensured by compulsory health insurance, which is financed from the state budget and paid for by employers and employees. This article examines modern forms of health insurance and their application in the region, including Azerbaijan and neighbouring countries. With the growing importance of health care in global politics and economics, the relevance of effective health insurance models is steadily increasing. The main objective of the article is to analyse existing forms of health insurance in Azerbaijan and neighbouring territories, identify the principles on which they are based, and assess their effectiveness in providing the population with accessible and quality medical services. The study used data on current health insurance models in Azerbaijan and similar countries. Statistical data analysis, insurance company reports and an evaluation of medical services provided under different forms of insurance were carried out. The article provides a comprehensive overview of existing forms of health insurance in the region, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. It also analyses the impact of different insurance schemes on the accessibility and quality of medical services for the population. Factors influencing the successful implementation and functioning of health insurance systems in the regional context are discussed. Based on the analysis, the conclusion emphasises the need for continuous improvement of health insurance systems in the region. Recommendations for improving existing models and developing new ones can serve as a basis for further research and reform in the health sector. This study makes a significant contribution to understanding modern trends in health insurance in the region and identifies prospects for improving the health care system for the population.