Introduction. Currently, there is an increase in emergency surgical interventions in elderly and senile patients who have geriatric syndromes, which affects the patient's recovery after surgery. Taking into account the age of patients and their concomitant pathologies, it is necessary to pay great attention to their geriatric status and the prevention of acute functional deficiency for rapid recovery after surgery and minimizing the risks of perioperative complications. In this regard, the study of the prevention of acute functional deficiency in elderly and senile patients is a priority area of medicine. The aim of the scholarly was to study the prevention of acute functional deficiency in elderly and senile patients with emergency surgical pathology after surgery. Materials and methods. The study involved 75 patients aged 60 to 90 years with senile asthenia syndrome and 50 patients without senile asthenia syndrome with emergency surgical pathology who underwent surgical treatment. We studied the clinical manifestations of acute functional deficiency in elderly and senile patients with emergency surgical pathology in the early and late postoperative period. Results. Due to the study of acute functional in elderly and senile patients with senile asthenia syndrome, it was revealed that all patients with emergency surgical pathology have geriatric syndromes, which are present upon admission to the hospital. In all patients with senile asthenia syndrome, the risk of cardiovascular pathology increased in the early postoperative period after emergency surgery. Hemodynamic incidents such as acute myocardial ischemia, cardiac arrhythmia or conduction disorders, hypotensive reactions and delirium with various encephalopathic manifestations have appeared. Geriatric syndromes also manifested in patients with senile asthenia, which contributed to a deterioration of the condition and a decrease in functional ability in the late postoperative period. Conclusion. With the help of timely and accurate prevention of acute functional deficiency in the early and late postoperative period in elderly and senile patients with emergency surgical pathology after surgery, the postoperative condition of patients can be improved.