Introduction. Pregnant women and women held in penitentiary institutions together with children under 3 years old are a socially vulnerable category of suspects, accused and convicted persons, with special rights and conditions. The purpose of the study was to study the current state of health care for pregnant women, women with children, and children under three years old in penitentiary institutions. Materials and methods. Based on departmental forms of statistical reporting, a data quarterly statistical analysis was carried out in the period from 2017 to 2022, the levels, dynamics, as well as the average chain and basic growth (decrease) rates of indicators of these women categories were calculated. An expert assessment of the actual sanitary and hygienic condition of the places where women and children stay was carried out. Results and discussion. Over the past 6 years, two mutually inverse trends have been observed: the number of pregnant women and women with children in pre-trial detention centers has more than doubled per 1,000 suspected and accused women. Over the same period, the number of convicted women with children decreased from 16.48%0 to 10.66%0 women, and the number of pregnant women among convicted women also decreased from 3.04%0 to 1.77%0 pregnant women. Most often, women with newborns and children in the first six months of life stay in pre-trial detention centers. The average age of children over the past 6 years was 4.3±0.7 months. On average, the area of the room where this category of women stays is 21.1±2.3 m2, which meets sanitary and hygienic requirements. Medical support for children, including means of immunoprophylaxis, as well as pregnant women, is fully organized at the medical organizations of the state and municipal health care systems at the place of territorial attachment from funds from compulsory health insurance. Conclusions. It is recommended, at the level of a departmental regulatory act, to regulate a mandatory list of material and household items for prison cells in case pregnant women and women together with children are placed in pre-trial detention centers, as well as the possibility of timely provision of medicines with age-specific dosages, and medical products for the care of young children