Introduction. Public health is an organized function of society and in world practice, a common legislative framework has been formed that defines the functions and tasks of most public health services, and there are also many models of public health organization that are implemented at three levels: national, subnational and local. At the same time, each country has its own peculiarities of its formation and development. Of particular interest is its study in countries such as Kazakhstan, with a vast geographical extent, where regional peculiarities do not allow a unified approach to improving public health and adapting it for effective work on the ground. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, since 1990 to the present, continuous economic and social transformations have been observed, which entail considerable changes in the development of the public health sector. In this regard, it becomes relevant to analyze the history of the formation of public health on a scientific basis, a review of the main legislative acts and state programs for the development of medicine in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan adopted during the period of independence. The purpose is to analyze the formation of public health in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. The collection, study and analysis of available sources of information in the scientometric database was carried out eLIBRARY.RU . Additionally, a search was conducted for scientific articles in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, by keywords. 33 articles were included in the review for analysis. Results. An analysis of published scientific articles has shown that the public health system plays an important role in the management of population health. It is shown, using the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan, that in large countries it is important to take into account the regional aspect. The historical formation of the public health system in the Republic of Kazakhstan determines the relevance of thoughtful decisions in the field of developing a regulatory framework for its management and implementation. It is shown that successful legislative acts can improve public health indicators. The positive and negative phenomena accompanying the reform and improvement of the public health system in the Republic of Kazakhstan have determined further prospects and directions of work on scientific and methodological substantiation of effective methods and tools for its management. Conclusion. For the first time in the history of the independent period of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the entire legislative framework in the healthcare system has been revised, thereby strengthening the potential of the healthcare system. However, despite the measures taken, there is a shortage of medical personnel in the country, especially in rural healthcare. Unequal access to medical services and the need to improve the quality of medical services remain.