Relevance. The level of primary disability and its dynamics is one of the main indicators of public health, reflecting the quality and availability of medical care, and therefore the study of problems of disability of the population is relevant and the analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of formation of the level of primary disability in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is of particular importance. Purpose of the study: to assess the dynamics of the level of primary disability due to diseases of the ear and mastoid process among the adult population of the Russian Federation for 2018-2022. Research methods. The analysis of disability indicators was carried out on the basis of data from statistical collections of the Federal Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise of the Ministry of Labor of Russia for 2018–2022. Results. The level of primary disability due to ear and mastoid diseases among the adult population of the Russian Federation, amounting to 1.4 cases per 10 thousand adult population, has not changed over the years 218-2022. In the Central and North Caucasus Federal Districts, the dynamics of the level of primary disability due to diseases of the ear and mastoid process over the five-year study period (2018-2022) also did not change, amounting to 1.1 and 0.6 cases per 10 thousand adult population, respectively. In contrast, in the Siberian and Ural Federal Districts there is an increase in the level of primary disability, respectively, by 21.1% and 17.6% from the 2018 level, amounting to 2.3 and 2.0 cases in 2022. In four federal districts, a decrease in the level of primary disability has been established, which includes the Southern (-12.5%), Far Eastern (-8.3%), Northwestern (-7.7%) and Volga (-6.3%) , the rate in which in 2022 was 1.4, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.5 cases per 10 thousand population, respectively. In 40 subjects of the Russian Federation, out of all, there was an increase in the level of primary disability due to diseases of the ear and mastoid process for 2018-2022, in 33 subjects a decrease in the indicator was established, in 11 subjects the level of primary disability remained at the same level. The three subjects with the most pronounced increase in the level of primary disability due to diseases of the ear and mastoid process include the Novgorod region (+260.0), the Republic of Tyva (+160.0%) and the Kostroma region (+137.5%), the highest decrease disability level indicator was established in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic (-80.0%), Magadan Region (-72.7%), Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (-72.7%) and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (-61.1%) . Conclusion. This study allows us to obtain comparative geographical and temporal patterns of dynamics of the level of primary disability due to diseases of the ear and mastoid process among the adult population. The presented data will contribute to the development of organizational measures in the field of public health, with the aim of carrying out medical and preventive measures in subjects of the Russian Federation that are unfavorable with regard to primary disability.