Relevance. Priority Russia is the health and well-being of the children’s population. Indicators of childhood morbidity and disability are one of the leading markers characterizing the level of development and effectiveness of state policy aimed at preserving public health in the country. High statistical rates of child disability, reflected in the Rosstat reports for the Russian Federation and Novosibirsk Oblast, necessitated an analysis of the causes and problems of disability among the child population. The aim of the study: to analyze the change in the level of childhood disability in the Russian Federation and the Novosibirsk region based on regulatory documents and statistical data on childhood disability, including otorhinolaryngological pathology. Materials and methods: We investigated legal acts regulating, analysis of statistical data of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service and the Novosibirsk region. Results and discussion: Analysis of the structure of childhood disability shows that mental disorders and behavioral disorders occupy the first place, accounting for 28% in Russia and 37% in the Novosibirsk region. In second place = diseases of the nervous system, accounting for 23% in Russia and 19% in the Novosibirsk region. In the field of otolaryngology, the main factor in childhood disability is diseases of the ear and mastoid process, which account for 5%. In the direction of «Otolaryngology» in Russia and the Novosibirsk region, it has been established that at the regional level and throughout the country there is an annual increase in disabled children with diseases of the ear and mastoid process by 8-10%. Conclusion. Analysis of the data shows that the level of disability in the Russian Federation and in the Novosibirsk, region tends to increase annually. During the observation period, there was an increase in disabled children by 27,8% in the Russian Federation and by 53% in the Novosibirsk region, which indicates the growing prevalence of disability among children. In the structure of childhood disability both in the Novosibirsk region and in the territory of Russia, mental disorders, diseases of the nervous system and congenital anomalies of development dominate, accounting for more than 2/3 of all causes of disability in minors. Rates of mental disorders and diseases of the nervous system have shown a steady increase over the years of observation and research. The share of disabled children with diseases of the ear and mastoid process is about 5% in the overall structure of causes of disability in children in Russia and the Novosibirsk region. The steady growth is negative, but it is also associated with effective support measures and the active work of ENT and audiological services in the Novosibirsk region. There remains a need for increased awareness of parents in medical organizations of the region, about the possibility of seeking otolaryngological and audiological help.