Introduction. The leading causes of decreased visual function everywhere are senile cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which are age-associated ophthalmological diseases. The prevalence of these diseases is high, which creates a need to find new approaches to manage patients and reduce the burden on the health care economy. Purpose. To study the prevalence of senile cataracts and AMD in Russia and the world and reflect the findings in the article. Materials and methods. The main materials for this review were published domestic and foreign scientific studies on this topic, as well as data from the World Health Organization (WHO), clinical recommendations of the Russian Federation, and data from the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). We searched for relevant articles using the following databases: elibrary, PubMed. Results. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of cases of senile cataracts and age-related macular degeneration is 94 million and 8 million, respectively. Although, according to other sources, the number of cases of AMD in the world is many times larger and equals 64 million. Since AMD (unlike cataracts) is a progressive, irreversible disease that leads to blindness and low vision, scientists have studied data on its prognosis for the coming decades. Thus, the number of AMD cases will increase and reach 243.4 million by 2030 and 288 million by 2040. Moreover, WHO predicts that the number of patients with AMD will triple by 2050. Conclusion. Thus, cataracts and age-related macular degeneration occupy leading positions in terms of prevalence in the world, including in the Russian Federation. Due to the natural aging of the population and increasing life expectancy, the epidemiological statistics of these ophthalmological diseases will continue to increase and will continue to bear a significant burden on the health care economy, which is the basis for the development and implementation of more improved methods of informing patients about their disease, the need for timely treatment and correction management in outpatient and inpatient settings, including those with combined eye pathologies.