Introduction. Chronic respiratory diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are a significant public health problem, ranking third among causes of death worldwide. In the Russian Federation, the prevalence of COPD is 1.7%, but the actual number of patients may exceed 11 million people. According to official statistics, the incidence of COPD in Yakutsk is higher than in the all-Russian indicators, which is explained by the harsh climate and high level of smoking. The purpose of the study. To study the general and primary incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the adult population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in economic zones for the period from 2012 to 2021. Materials and methods. The data analysis was conducted on the basis of official medical statistics collected by the Yakut Republican Medical Information and Analytical Center. Descriptive statistics methods were used to assess morbidity rates by district. Results and discussion. The highest COPD incidence rates were recorded in the Arctic and Eastern economic zones, which is associated with harsh climatic conditions. The Central and Western zones have the lowest incidence rates. During the study, most zones showed a decrease in incidence, but an increase was observed in the Arctic and Eastern zones. Primary incidence was also higher in the Arctic and Southern zones. Conclusion. The dynamics of COPD incidence rates in the economic zones of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is characterized by significant variability and heterogeneity. The highest values of overall COPD incidence are observed in the Arctic and Eastern economic zones, which may be due to the harsh climatic features of these regions. The results of this study emphasize the need for further research and development of effective measures for the prevention and treatment of COPD in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), especially in areas with the highest incidence rates. Climatic features of the regions should also be considered when planning measures for the prevention and treatment of COPD, since harsh climatic conditions can contribute to increased morbidity.