Introduction. Given the scale of the impact of mental disorders on the population, in order to meet the need for specialized care to the population with mental and behavioral disorders, much attention is currently paid to the transformation of the healthcare system in this area of medicine. Objective. To develop a scientifically based model for organizing the provision of medical care to the population with mental and behavioral disorders in the Moscow Region. Materials and methods. In 2021, a set of measures was developed to improve the effectiveness of the organization of medical care for mental and behavioral disorders in the Moscow Region. The audit and organizational modeling methods were used. Results. Taking into account the territorial characteristics of the MR, the option of organizing care by sectors "north", "south", "west", "east" and "center" was chosen. Organizations were united according to the territorial principle. The following target indicators were formulated: the number of re-hospitalizations during the year is less than 20%; the average length of a patient's hospital stay is no more than 60 days; the use of prolonged-release drugs is more than 30%; the number of "social" patients is no more than 10%; patients' visits to dispensary after discharge are no less than 80%. The beginning of the reorganization was preceded by the development of a roadmap and a change in the form of ownership of institutions. As a result of the reorganization, the bed capacity of the psychiatric service of the Moscow region amounted to 4969 beds (6.86 per 10,000 population). Discussion. With the correct distribution of available resources, a reduction in the costs of care provided in a hospital setting in favor of care provided in an outpatient setting, it is possible to achieve a significant increase in the effectiveness of medical care for mental disorders and behavioral disorders. Conclusion. As a result of the work, a scientifically based model for organizing the provision of medical care to the population with mental disorders and behavioral disorders in the Moscow region was proposed.