Introduction: the high prevalence of mental illnesses, including autism, in the child population, the complexity of diagnosis, learning difficulties, a decrease in the level of socialization of such children, as well as high government costs for medical, social and pedagogical assistance, later detection and, as a result, a later start of correctional work are defining problems. Objective: to study the dynamics and conduct a comparative analysis of indicators of newly identified morbidity and prevalence, primary disability caused by autism spectrum disorders among the child population in the Russian Federation, the Central Federal District and the Moscow Region from 2019 to 2022. Materials and methods: the work uses data from the Federal State Statistics Service, statistical forms: №12 "Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the service area of a medical organization", №19 "Information on disabled children" and №36 "Information on contingents of mental patients" in the Russian Federation, Central the Federal District and the Moscow Region; childhood autism, atypical autism, Rett syndrome, disintegrative childhood disorder (ICD code 10: F84.0-3, a line from the reports of the Federal State Statistics Service), as well as methods: content analysis of scientific literature and regulatory documentation, statistical method, including calculation indicators of primary morbidity and prevalence, an analytical method. The calculations of the indicators were made using the MS Office Excel software product for 1000 people of the corresponding child population and are presented in ppm (‰). Results: within the framework of the conducted study, in accordance with the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, an increase in the primary incidence of childhood autism, atypical autism, Rett syndrome, disintegrative childhood disorder in the child population was revealed, as well as an increase in the prevalence and primary disability caused by childhood autism, atypical autism, Rett syndrome, disintegrative childhood disorder. Discussions: despite the increase in the indicator of primary morbidity, which indicates an improvement in diagnostic measures, an increase in the indicator of primary disability of children due to childhood autism, atypical autism, Rett syndrome, disintegrative childhood disorder was also revealed, and the main age of disabled children with this pathology is 5-14 years. Conclusion: thus, at present, it is necessary to develop scientifically based measures for early detection and early initiation of corrective measures to reduce the disability of the child population caused by childhood autism, atypical autism, Rett syndrome, disintegrative childhood disorder.