The development of any country depends directly on the level of health of its citizens, therefore one of the priority directions of state policy of our government is the preservation and strengthening of health of the population. The authors conducted a study of the influence of different level on the development of an individual medical direction in a separately taken subject of the Russian Federation. In the article the analysis of the activities of the surgical thoracic Department Budget institution of health Orel region "Orel regional clinical hospital" (Russia, Orel) for five-year periods from 2007 to 2011 and from 2012 to 2016, reflects the dynamics and development of the thorac-ic surgical service, new achievements in the delivery of health care to the population of the Oryol region accord-ing to the specialty "thoracic surgery"