Introduction. The term «resilience» refers to a person's ability to overcome difficulties and problems from the environment in order to avoid external influences on the body. In medicine, the concept of resilience means the ability to cope with daily stress and homeostasis disorders with the intention of protecting it from violations. Mental and physical factors in older people are closely related to each other, have common mechanisms and affect resilience. Increased inflammatory status and oxidative stress have been recognized as the main driving mechanisms in the development of aging diseases. The aim of the study to identify, using a literature review, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of emotional stress and low resilience in the elderly as the driving mechanisms of accelerated aging. Materials and methods. The paper analyzed scientific publications on the PubMed and eLibrary databases, and considered literary sources over the past 10 years. The results of the study. Current knowledge about the relationship between aging and the development of age-related diseases is still incomplete, and the clinical assessment of inflammation has not yet been standardized. It is also insufficiently studied how a person's resilience or ability to recover from adverse events affects the course of the disease. In general, during aging, there is an increase in the level of systemic inflammation due to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18 and IFNs I interferons, which is mainly the result of aging of cells and the immune system. Inflammation, various stimuli in the body acting at the cellular and subcellular levels, contribute to inflammation as the main driving force behind the acceleration of aging and the development of age-related diseases. Older people who cannot adapt to chronic psychological stress are at risk of accelerated aging and decreased resilience due to the increased and synergistic effects of physiological responses to chronic stress. Conclusion. Current research efforts are focused on creating models of change that incorporate various factors related to resilience and relate them to specific stress issues and various sustainability outcomes. This approach can take a fresh look at the relationship between living conditions and the subjective perception of life with health trajectories in older people.