Significance. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases, causing damage to many organs and systems of the body. A frequent and most serious complication of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy, characterized by damage to the vessels of the microvasculature of the retina and a long-term asymptomatic course in the early stages. Diabetic retinopathy, as well as diabetic macular edema that develops with uncontrolled diabetes, are the main cause of persistent and irreversible loss of visual function, including complete blindness. Thus, the quality of care provided to patients with this disease remains critical to reducing its socioeconomic burden. In this regard, the purpose of the work was formulated: to analyze literature sources to assess the level of organization and quality of medical care for patients with diabetic retinopathy in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. To achieve this purpose, an analysis was carried out of the scientific literature of domestic and foreign authors and the regulatory framework of the healthcare system of the Russian Federation, addressing the issue of organization and quality of medical care for patients with diabetic retinopathy. Results. In the Russian Federation, there are a large number of different regulations governing the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Many different studies have been conducted addressing the issue of the effectiveness of medical care for this disease. However, the interaction of doctors of various specialties in the clinic and hospital, the compliance of patients with diabetes, the regularity of their visits to ophthalmologists, as well as the availability of the necessary diagnostic and treatment methods remain at an insufficiently high level. As a result, the number of cases of disability is growing, especially among patients of working age, which indicates the need for in-depth analysis and modernization of existing aspects of providing medical care to patients with diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion. To reduce the risk of disability in patients with diabetic retinopathy, it is necessary to further improve the regulatory framework, increase the level of interaction between doctors of various specialties, and continuity between the outpatient and inpatient stages in the management of these patients. Increasing patient adherence to timely examinations and the availability of modern methods of treating retinopathy can also improve the course of the disease and reduce the likelihood of early disability.