Introduction (relevance). Considering the critical socio-economic significance of nervous system diseases for maintaining the health of the working-age population, the analysis of the impact of nervous system disease incidence on the utilization of hospital beds in the Neurology specialty is a relevant topic for research. Purpose:to assess the impact of nervous system disease incidence on the utilization of hospital beds in the neurological specialty. Materials and methods. Based on the statistical materials of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "TsNIIOIZ" "General morbidity of the entire population of Russia" and "Resources and activities of medical organizations. Hospital bed capacity" for 2015-2024, a comparative analysis of the incidence rates of diseases of the nervous system and hospital bed capacity utilization rates in the "Neurology" profile of St. Petersburg was carried out with similar indicators of the Russian Federation and the Northwestern Federal District in dynamics over ten years. To assess the relationship between the indicators, the nonparametric Spearman rank correlation method was used. Statistical data processing was carried out using the MS Office-2019 and StatSoft-Statistica 10.0 software packages. Results. In the period 2014–2023, the overall incidence of nervous system diseases in the metropolis exceeded the Russian figures by 36.6% and the Northwestern Federal District figures by 26.0% (8999.38/0000 versus 5703.670/0000 and 6663.60/0000, respectively) and decreased by 14.5%. The increased incidence of the population was accompanied by high average occupancy rates of neurological beds per year and the length of stay of patients in them. In the metropolis, the difference with the average annual occupancy rate of neurological beds in the country was 8.4% and in the district 5.9% (343.2 days versus 314.4 and 323.1 days, respectively). In Russia, the bed occupancy rate decreased by 10.6%, in the Northwestern Federal District, after significant fluctuations, it actually returned to the 2014 level (-0.6%), and in the metropolis it increased by 11.8%. The average length of stay of patients in neurological beds was higher than in the country as a whole by 10.8% and in the district by 6.6% (12.73 days versus 11.36 and 11.89 days, respectively). The country and the district showed a downward trend in the average length of stay of patients in beds for the Neurology profile (-18.8% and -12.1%, respectively), and in the metropolis the indicator returned to the 2014 value by 2023. The bed turnover in St. Petersburg over ten years, with significant fluctuations in the indicator in individual years, was on average almost equal to the turnover of neurological beds in the country and the federal district. An assessment of the dynamics of bed turnover indicators revealed that it increased both in the country as a whole (+9.9%) and the Northwestern Federal District (+11.9%), and in the metropolis (+11.9%). In the metropolis, there was a low average downtime of neurological beds, which was lower than in the Russian Federation by 52.0% and the Northwestern Federal District by 44.6% (0.88 days versus 1.82 days and 1.58 days, respectively). An assessment of the dynamics of downtime indicators revealed their significant decrease in the metropolis and the Northwestern Federal District (-74.2% and -7.5%, respectively) and growth in the Russian Federation (+54.5%). Conclusion. The study found that the impact of the incidence rate of diseases of the nervous system on the use of hospital beds in the Neurology profile was more pronounced in Russia and the Northwestern Federal District than in the metropolis. Accordingly, in St. Petersburg, when analyzing the activities of the neurological service, in addition to the incidence rate of the population, it is necessary to take into account the influence of other factors, such as the availability and quality of medical care for neurological patients, as well as the specifics of patient routing in the metropolis.