Currently, a significant impact on the state of health of students is made by environmental factors, including components of the educational space, as well as factors related to the peculiarities and habitual family characteristics of schoolchildren's lifestyle. Lack of or insufficient parental control in terms of child's compliance with recommendations on the formation of a healthy lifestyle at home can be a risk factor for the development of functional disorders, which can subsequently lead to the emergence of diseases of various organs and systems. The aim of the study is to investigate and analyse the main components characterising the lifestyle of junior schoolchildren in order to develop measures for hygienic education aimed at health promotion and prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Materials and Methods. 410 parents of schoolchildren in grades 1-4 from three regions of the Russian Federation took part in an anonymous online questionnaire on the issues of rational organisation of daily routine and prevention of musculoskeletal system diseases. Results. In the course of the study, the duration of the main components of schoolchildren's daily regime was determined. It was found that 4.0% of surveyed parents from the city of Astrakhan and 5.0% of parents of primary schoolchildren from the city of Moscow indicated the absence of motor activity in their children's daily regime. At the same time, 49.0% of parents of girls and 39.6% of parents of boys among Astrakhan primary school pupils indicated that their children do not do sports at all. The absence of a regular sports component in the schoolchildren's daily routine was noted by 22.5 % of parents of girls and 11.8 % of parents of boys in metropolitan schools. Parents noted that 48.5 % of Astrakhan schoolchildren, 45.3 % of Moscow schoolchildren and 29.9 % of Ulyanovsk first grade pupils use chairs without height and backrest adjustment. 20.5 % of Moscow parents, 12.2 % of Astrakhan parents and 11.3 % of Ulyanovsk parents do not monitor their child's working posture when doing homework or working at the computer. Discussion. In the course of the conducted research the factors of the daily regime influencing the formation of the musculoskeletal system of junior schoolchildren were studied. Conclusion. The issues of preserving the health of schoolchildren should be considered in a single complex with the family and society, which in the long term can provide a favourable effect on the prevention of diseases caused by the lifestyle of students, including diseases of the musculoskeletal system.