Introduction. Preserving the health of adolescents in the Russian Federation remains an urgent problem for the country and society. A certain aspect is the assessment of the puberty state in adolescents of various health groups, including those with various functional abnormalities and chronic diseases. Aim. Analysis of the dynamics of puberty in adolescents with diseases of the eye and its appendages and diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. Materials and methods. In the 2020s, a study of the physical development of 508 adolescents aged 12-16 years living in the Moscow region was conducted. The research program included an assessment of their health status, as well as determining the level of their biological development by D. Tanner methodology. Results. It was found that the eye and its appendages diseases had greatest part (24.0%) among functional deviations the, and diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue among chronic diseases. At the same time, boys and girls did not have significant differences in health status (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in the indicators of puberty in adolescents with pathologies of vision and the musculoskeletal system in the subgroups of boys and girls we studied. There is a significantly earlier onset of menarche in groups of healthy girls. Discussions. The high prevalence of the musculoskeletal system diseases, diseases of the eye and its appendages is typical for adolescents in many regions of the Russian Federation. The results obtained confirm the relevance of this problem for teenagers living in the Moscow region. From a physiological point of view, age of menarche is an important clinical indicator of puberty. The early timing of menarche in girls with a better level of health and a smaller number of diagnoses, revealed in our study clearly confirms this. Conclusions. When designing standards for biological development, it is necessary to take into account only the data of schoolchildren who have health groups 1 and 2 and who do not have any diagnoses.