Introduction. Every year in Russia and its individual regions, high rates of primary morbidity of the population with diseases of the nervous system are recorded, which vary depending on the type of pathology, age, and the presence or absence of concomitant diseases in a person. The high incidence of a number of diseases of the nervous system among the young and able-bodied population leads to early referral and further placement of people in the dispensary with a neurologist, which is becoming an important topic for study and discussion in the medical field and public health. Aim – to evaluate and analyze the characteristics and dynamic course of the adult working-age population incidence with neurological diseases in the Kursk region. Material and methods. The research material was data from form No. 12 “Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the service area of a medical organization” in the Kursk region for 2015–2023. General scientific theoretical and statistical research methods were used. Results and discussion. It was possible to establish and separately consider the districts in the Kursk region with both the highest and the lowest levels of primary human morbidity with diseases leading to dysfunction of the nervous system. In addition, the territories of the Kursk region were found in which the indicator we studied decreased annually. At the same time, the level of reliable decrease in the population morbidity was identified in the Lgovsky, Glushkovsky, Konyshevsky, Shchigrovsky, Oktyabrsky, Zolotukhinsky, Dmitrievsky, Kurchatovsky, Medvensky districts. When conducting a comparative analysis of the indicators of the Russian Federation, the Central Federal District and the Kursk region, no significant numerical differences were noted. Conclusion. When evaluating the results of the study, conclusions were made about the need to introduce additional measures in many areas of the Kursk region for the prevention, timely diagnosis and effective treatment of the studied disorders of the nervous system, and to improve the system of providing both primary health care and specialized medical care.