The review of legislative regulation of access for the patient and his lawful representatives to medical documentation in the Russian Federation in historical aspect is submitted. The concepts "medical documentation" and "lawful representative of natural persons", according to the current legislation are opened. Currently the Russian Ministry of Health regulated only the general rules of interaction of the medical organization for acquaintance of the patient and his lawful representatives with originals medical documentation. Questions of obtaining originals of medical documentation and rule of providing copies and extracts remained not settled, the mode of operation of the personnel of the medical organization at damage of medical documentation isn't registered, and also responsibility of the person which allowed it.