Cancer diseases are among the “diseases of civilization” and occupy the second place in the structure of causes of mortality in the population of economically developed countries of the world, including the Russian Federation. One of the most important nosological forms of oncopathology, which does not occupy the leading place in the frequency of occurrence, but is characterized by an unfavorable course, as well as high rates of disability and mortality of patients, are malignant neoplasms of hematopoietic and lymphatic tissue. There are reports of a correlation between the acute environmental situation and the prevalence of these diseases. At the same time, there are practically no data on the incidence of hematoblastosis in the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR), a large industrial region of Russia, and its relationship with environmental factors. The aim of the study was to investigate the laws of formation of oncopathology of blood and lymphatic tissue in the population of a large industrial region in modern conditions, as well as to identify environmental risk factors of its occurrence. Materials and methods. According to the data of the regional antitumor center, the incidence and prevalence of hemoblastosis among the population of all cities and districts of the DPR over a 40-year period (1980-2022) were studied. Based on 30-year (1990-2020) monitoring conducted by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service, the State Committee for Hydrometeorology and data from research institutions in the region, a hygienic assessment of the state of the main components of the environment of the DPR settlements was made. The ecological determinism of malignant neoplasms of hematopoietic and lymphatic tissue in the technogenic region was investigated using conventional methods of variation statistics. Results and discussion. Modern tendencies of formation (structure, statics, dynamics) of oncologic pathology of hematopoietic and lymphatic tissue in the population of Donbass have been studied. The correlation dependence between the frequency of hematoblastosis among the population of cities and rural areas of the DPR and the degree of technogenic pollution of their air basin and soils has been studied. The negative impact of air pollutants and soil xenobiotics on the health of residents of the ecocrisis region, manifested in the increase of primary morbidity of the population with malignant neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue, was proved. Conclusion. The results of the study showed an increasing trend in the incidence of hemoblastosis among the population of the DR in the period 1980-2022, as well as the presence of a reliable correlation between the indicators of the formation of this oncopathology and the state of the environment. Additional study of the problem of environmental determinism of malignant neoplasms of hematopoietic and lymphatic tissue will make it possible to identify their leading environmental risk factors and develop preventive measures on this basis.