Introduction. The search for optimal methods of tuberculosis treatment is a pressing issue due to the emergence of new resistant forms of the causative agent of the disease. Objective. Retrospective analysis of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with tuberculosis in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania through an assessment of the activities of the Republican Clinical Center for Phthisiopulmonology. Materials and methods. The medical records of inpatients (n = 412) who received surgical treatment in 2014-2018 were retrospectively reviewed and a prospective assessment of the treatment results of patients (n = 519) treated in 2019-2024 at the Republican Clinical Center for Phthisiopulmonology was performed. Results. Among patients who underwent surgical treatment, the most common form of tuberculosis was tuberculoma (40.5 and 55.7% for 2014-2018 and 2019-2024, respectively). The most common surgical interventions were thoracotomy/resection in 2014-2018 and segmentectomy using video-assisted thoracoscopy or video-assisted thoracoscopy in 2019-2024 (78.2 and 56.5%, respectively). There was a significant decrease (by 94%) in the incidence of complications in 2019-2024 compared to 2019-2024. Discussion. The introduction of video-assisted thoracoscopy or videothoracoscopy has significantly improved the results of resection interventions. The data obtained are confirmed by other studies. Conclusion. The obtained results show the high efficiency of the surgical methods used in the treatment of patients with TB in 2019-2024 compared to 2014-2018. A significant reduction in the number of surgical complications, which can range from minor to serious and life-threatening, was revealed. The study identified the main groups of complications. It was revealed that the number of cases of pulmonary embolism as the most life-threatening condition for the patient decreased by 13 times.