One of the global health problems is the growing resistance to antimicrobials, including the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) to anti-TB drugs (ATD). Objective: to identify the most common patterns of drug resistance of MBT in patients with polydrug-resistant (with resistance of MBT to two or more anti-tuberculosis drugs, except for simultaneous resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin) tuberculosis. Materials. The frequency of MBT polydrug -resistance patterns in 67 newly diagnosed TB patients with MBT polydrug-resistance to ATD was studied. The exclusion criterion was the absence of test results for one of the drugs: isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), pyrazinamide (Z), ethambutol (E), ethionamide (Eto), levofloxacin (Lf), amikacin (Am), capreomycin (Cm), as well as the detection of HR resistance. Results. Most patterns of polyresistance (63) included a combination of H with other anti-TB drugs (94.0%; 95% CI 85.6-97.7). Polyresistance, including resistance to E, was present in 37 (55.2%; 95% CI 43.4-66.5), to Z – in 25 (37.3%; 95% CI 26.7-49.3), to Eto – in 45 (67.2%; 95% CI 55.3-77.2), to Lf – in 18 (26.9%; 95% CI 17.7-38.5), to Am – in 10 (14.9%; 95% CI 8.3-25.3), to Cm – in 7 (10.5%; 95% CI 5.2-20.0). The most common combination was the HEto combination with 44 cases. The frequency of the HZ and HE patterns does not differ (p=0.9), however, the frequency of the HEZ pattern (17.9%) is statistically significantly lower than the frequency of each of the HZ and HE patterns (p=0.045 and p=0.049, respectively). The frequency of resistance patterns, including Z and E in combination with second-line ATD, did not differ (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of drug resistance patterns involving combinations of Lf with other drugs (p>0.05). Of the patterns of polyresistance to at least three PTPs, HREto is common. Conclusion. The most vulnerable is the combined use of HEto; this combination has the potential for simultaneous drug resistance in more than half of the cases. HRE resistance is likely; in one third of cases of polyresistant MBT, patients will be resistant to two drugs simultaneously. The HEEto combination is vulnerable, accounting for a quarter of cases of polyresistant tuberculosis. Treatment regimens for susceptible tuberculosis without confirmed susceptibility to H, or resistant to H without confirmed susceptibility to Z and E should be adjusted.