Introduction. Currently, the Russian Federation is constantly facing an increasing stream of external threats from unfriendly States aimed at destabilizing national security. The Armed Forces are the guarantor of Russia's security. Goal. To characterize the state of health of conscripts of the Orenburg region. Materials and methods. During the research, the following information was used: information from the Rosstat of Russia for the Orenburg region, presented in annual statistical collections; reporting documents of draft commissions of municipalities of the Orenburg region. The observation period is from 2019 to 2023. Results. The rate of fitness for military service among conscripts during the study period was high and ranged from 75.7% to 77.9%. The main reasons that served as the basis for the release of conscripts from military service were: diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, which amounted to a minimum of 16.0% in 2021, a maximum of 17.1% in 2023; mental disorders and behavioral disorders - 13.9% in 2023, 15.8% in 2019; diseases of the circulatory system - 10.7% in 2019, 12.1% in 2023; diseases of the eye and its accessory apparatus - 9.6% in 2023 and 10.4% in 2019. Discussion. The rate of fitness for military service (categories of fitness "A" + "B") during the study period was high and ranged from 75.7% to 77.9%. The majority of young men who needed treatment were treated: conservatively from 73.8% in 2019 to 89.5% in 2023, and operationally from 71.9% in 2019 to 84.7% in 2023. Oral sanitation coverage among conscripts increased from 79.9% in 2019 to 90.5% in 2023. Conclusion. Due to the dispensary supervision and a complex of therapeutic and recreational measures, the health indicators of conscription resources remained at a high level. The activities carried out contributed to the stable fulfillment of the state task of conscription of citizens for military service.