Introduction (relevance). Availability of medical and pharmaceutical care to the population is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan (RT), supported by the Health Code of the RT, the Law of the RT "On Medicines, Medical Products and Pharmaceutical Activity", and other regulatory acts in the field of health care. The Strategy for the Protection of Health of the Population of the Republic of Tajikistan for the Period up to 2030 and a number of state programs in the field of medicine and pharmacy have been developed and approved. Despite the attention from the state, in some regions of the republic there is a problem of accessibility of medical and pharmaceutical care to the population. One of such problematic regions is the Khatlon region. Objective. Analysis of the availability of medical and pharmaceutical care to the population of the Republic of Tajikistan using the example of the Khatlon region and development of solutions to existing problems. Materials and methods. The study was conducted using statistical data from the Statistical Agency under the President of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Republic of Tatarstan, the State Supervision of Healthcare and Social Protection of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Main Department of the State Supervision of Healthcare and Social Protection of the Republic of Tatarstan in Khatlon Region, the Health Department of Khatlon Region, as well as the results of the first stage of the study of hospitals in Khatlon Region, which was conducted on the basis of the permission of the Minister of Health and Social Protection of the Republic of Tatarstan dated 02.11.2023 No. 1-5/9632 (study period from 01.08. to 01.10.2024). The study used the methods of comparison, retrospective and structural-logical analysis. Results and discussion. The peculiarities of the geographical and socio-economic situation of Khatlon region in comparison with other regions of Tajikistan are revealed. 35% of the country's population lives in the territory, which makes up 17.5% of the Republic of Tajikistan, mainly in rural areas. The region has a high birth rate (39.2% are children under 14), the lowest wages in the Republic of Tajikistan, despite the presence of a large number of working-age population (55%). In terms of accessibility of medical and pharmaceutical care, a significant role is played by the significant degree of administrative division of the region: 4 cities, 21 districts, 23 urban-type settlements and 130 rural settlements, as well as the disproportion between the number of residents of a certain territory and its area. Only 1.65% of the region's population lives in the largest district in terms of area, Sh. Shokhin. There are 1,785 institutions providing medical care in the region, however, the statistical indicators per 10,000 population for the number of doctors (11.9), mid-level medical personnel (53.0), and the number of beds (31.5) are the lowest in the Republic of Tatarstan. In the region, pharmaceutical services are provided by 1,038 pharmacies, while in the cities of the region there are from 877.8 to 5,844.4 people per pharmacy, and in the districts - from 2,777.6 to 10,066.7 people. Thus, there is a shortage of pharmaceutical institutions in some areas of the region, which negatively affects the availability of medicines. Conclusion. Khatlon Region, being the most densely populated region of the Republic of Tatarstan, needs to optimize its healthcare system, including developing standards for providing medical and pharmaceutical personnel, the number of hospital days, creating new specialized departments in hospitals where there is a shortage of medical services, as well as eliminating the disproportion in certain areas and settlements between the number of residents and the availability of medical and pharmaceutical institutions. When issuing permits to pharmacies, authorized bodies in the field of drug circulation must take into account the geographic location of pharmacies so that residents of remote areas of the region do not have to face the inaccessibility of pharmaceutical care.