Introduction. Despite a slight decrease in the number of new cancer cases in 2020 amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the global average annual growth rate of cancer incidence is 2%. By 2030, an increase in the number of people living with cancer is expected. In Russia, over half a million new cases of malignant neoplasms (MN) are diagnosed annually. Data from annual statistical reports indicate a steady increase in MN incidence among both men and women in Russia. Objective: To identify gender-specific features of the dynamics of primary oncological morbidity structure among the population of Sverdlovsk Region. Materials and Methods. The sources of information were data from state statistical reporting on form №7 "Information on malignant neoplasms." The number of patients and primary morbidity rates were studied for the period 2019-2024. The structure dynamics coefficients were calculated for 26 nosology’s of oncological diseases in women and 25 in men (Kozintze and Ryabtsev indices). Statistical and graphical analyses were applied. Growth rates of indicators were evaluated, and the significance of differences was assessed using Student's t-test; differences were considered significant at p casting the structure and number of patients with malignant diseases to organize specialized medical care in the "Oncology".