Introduction. The study of issues aimed at strengthening the health of the younger generation currently has high socio-economic significance, therefore this age group of the population must be considered as the most important demographic, scientific, technical, economic, cultural, intellectual, and defense resource of our country. Goal. To study the role of medical and social factors in shaping the motivation of young men of conscription age to undergo military service. Materials and methods. To achieve the set goal, an anonymous survey of 1,000 young men was conducted using a blind sampling method in the period from 01.04.2024 to 1.11.2024. Young men of draft age filled out a questionnaire containing several blocks of questions concerning their medical and social profile. To identify the internal relationships between a large number of medical and social parameters, multivariate factor analysis was used. To identify the existence of interrelated features, on the basis of which all young men of draft age were divided into relatively homogeneous groups, cluster analysis was used. Hierarchical cluster analysis allowed us to form 3 groups of conscripts with relatively homogeneous responses. Results and discussion. The motivation of young men to undergo military service by conscription is influenced by various factors that have a certain pattern. The following factors were established: "Neurological and mental factor"; "Factor of subjective attitude to military service"; "Factor of family status"; "Factor of civil liability". Three clusters were then identified. The first cluster was characterized by the following indicators: average age 21.7 years, incomplete higher education, were brought up in families of industrial and agricultural workers, rated their health poorly, had a high level of NPU and PS, and wanted to undergo alternative service instead of military service by conscription. Second cluster: average age 19.3 years, secondary vocational education, were raised in families of individual entrepreneurs and private business owners, were unemployed, rated their health highly and had a high level of readiness for military service. Third cluster: average age 19.5 years, education - mainly secondary vocational, upbringing in families of individual entrepreneurs and private business owners, at the time of conscription into the army they were not working, regularly played sports, considered themselves ready for military service in all respects, but preferred to undergo alternative service. Conclusion. The study identified medical and social factors that influence the formation of motivation for military service among young men of military age. Cluster analysis revealed the interrelation of the obtained main characteristics of young men, which must be used for their further rational distribution by types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.