Introduction. The use of psychoactive substances (PAS) is a significant medical and social problem for modern society, which negatively affects many parameters of social life. Despite the obvious progress in the detection of drug pathology in medical organizations, there are reserves for finding organizational measures aimed at additional identification of surfactant users, while the role of ongoing forensic psychiatric examinations remains insufficiently studied. Purpose: to study the medical and organizational aspects of the detection of drug pathology among the population during a forensic psychiatric examination. Materials and methods. The main sections of the study included the study of the organizational foundations of conducting a forensic psychiatric examination; assessment of morbidity rates from drug-related disorders among the population of the Samara region; calculation of the proportion of people who underwent a forensic psychiatric examination with an established drug diagnosis; evaluation of the results of early diagnosis of drug-related disorders using forensic psychiatric examination data. The work used materials from the federal statistical observation based on data from the Samara Regional Medical Information Analytical Center (SOMIAC), the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Samara Region (Samarstat), and the Samara Regional Clinical Narcological Dispensary for 2016-2024. Descriptive, analytical and statistical methods were used in the study. Results and discussion. When organizing a forensic psychiatric examination, the diagnosis of mental (drug-related) disorders and their qualification in the context of a specific legal event are crucial for making a conclusion about the presence or absence of a legally significant mental state in a person. In recent years, there has been a downward trend in the number of general and primary cases of drug addiction in the Samara region. The decrease was noted both in the group of patients with alcoholism (including alcoholic psychosis, harmful alcohol use) and in the group of patients with drug addiction (including harmful drug use), which may be associated with a decrease in the detectability of pathology. At the same time, the incidence rates of drug addiction, based on the appeal of the population, largely do not correspond to the true value. Conducting a forensic psychiatric examination makes it possible to increase the detection rate of patients with drug pathology by an average of 11.7%. Males are more susceptible to the use of PAS, as well as to committing illegal acts related to their use against women. Persons who, according to the results of a forensic psychiatric examination, have drug-related disorders associated with the use of PAS, do not always subsequently turn to a psychiatrist-narcologist and do not fall into the area of attention of the narcological service of the region, which reduces the incidence and prevalence of drug-related disorders and the coverage of dispensary supervision. Conclusion. Since 2019, outpatient forensic psychiatric examination in the regional healthcare system has been carried out in the structural divisions of the psychiatric service, information about patients with identified drug treatment disorders does not reach the drug treatment service. There is a need to transfer information about persons who have undergone a forensic psychiatric examination and identified drug-related disorders from the psychiatric to the drug treatment service of the Samara region in order to ensure full accounting of drug-related patients for the organization of their treatment and rehabilitation in order to prevent socially dangerous actions. Patients suffering from alcohol-related illnesses during the period of psychotic disorders may also commit illegal acts. Recognition of a person as insane presupposes the appointment of one or another type of compulsory treatment, depending on the severity of the mental state. This indicates the need to return the forensic psychiatric examination to persons suffering from PAS dependence in the drug treatment service.