Introduction. The transformation of healthcare, the digitalization of work processes, and the increasing workload on the system are increasing the importance of maintaining the health of doctors, not only as an internal industry task, but also as a matter of national security and socio-economic sustainability. The purpose of this study is to systematize the results of research on the health of doctors. Material and methods. Domestic and foreign literature in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, eLibrary and CyberLeninka for 2019–2026, as well as regulatory documents, was analyzed. The search was carried out by keywords: health of doctors, morbidity of doctors, quality of life of doctors. 173 sources were studied over the past 8 years, of which 30 were included in this review. Methods used: analytical, bibliographic, logical, content analysis. Results. The actual health status of medical workers differs from the official statistics more than can be assumed by the data of the ZVUT. The central node of professional disadvantage is associated with psychoemotional state and burnout syndrome. The paradox of medical everyday life is the discrepancy between the knowledge of prevention and the actual self-preservation behavior. The increase in the intensity of professional activity changes the scale of the problem of health and morbidity of medical personnel. Discussion. Socio-economic changes increase the psychological pressure on doctors, as the quality of work needs to be improved with a reduced time resource and limited material and organizational support. The disproportion between wages and the volume of professional work often leads specialists to refuse proper rest, although the restoration of the body's functional systems remains a necessary condition for long-term professional employment. The responsibility for patients contributes to a state of overexertion, and prolonged physiological and emotional stress increases the likelihood of pathological conditions. Conclusions. The development of Russian healthcare is related to public health indicators and socio-economic changes. There is a direct connection. The reform of the healthcare sector is focused on improving the quality of medical care and patient satisfaction, but the sustainability of the reforms depends on the condition of healthcare workers who carry the main burden within the system. Strengthening public health as a strategic national goal relies heavily on doctors and medical staff, who are themselves affected by population-wide stressors and must simultaneously reduce the impact of stressors on patients.