The analysis of modern literature data on the prevention of congenital malformations in the fetus. The problem of lack of folates in the blood serum of pregnant women as a factor affecting the frequency of malformations of the neural tube is discussed. The biochemical mechanisms of action of folic acid are given. The data allowing to use folic acid (FC) in women of high risk groups (obesity, the presence of birth of children with defects in history, etc.) for the prevention of fetal defects are indicated. The data on the possible negative impact of elevated folate concentration are presented. The purpose of further research in the field of prevention of congenital malformations in the fetus is indicated