Abstract. There is evidence of a genetic predisposition to the development and more severe course of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the review is to summarize information about the role of hereditary factors in the development and course of cardiovascular diseases. Methods. In the reference databases Elibrary, Сyberleninka, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, Global Health, Google Scholar, SpringerLink, Medline selected scientific papers based on combinations of keywords: cardiovascular diseases + genetic predisposition /genetic polymorphisms/ hereditary factors. Results. The role of various genetic polymorphisms in patients with arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, as well as with various forms of coronary artery disease, has been studied. The role of various genetic variations in the development of cardiac arrhythmias (particularly atrial fibrillation) and acute cerebrovascular accidents has been demonstrated. Conclusion. Assessment of genetic risk factors will make it possible to effectively and timely prevent the development of CVD in people with a genetic predisposition to them, as well as to carry out personalized treatment of patients with predictor genes of an unfavorable outcome, minimizing the risk of fatal complications.