Background. Neoplasms of the central nervous system are among the top three causes of cancer-related deaths in children. Low-grade gliomas are the leading cause of childhood central nervous system deaths in South Africa. Targeted therapies for low-grade gliomas with BRAF:KIAA1549 fusions and BRAF V600E mutations have now been developed, raising questions about the standard recommendation for biologic treatment. Aim. To calculate the expected number of children with childhood low-grade gliomas with the BRAF KIAA1549 fusion and the BRAF V600E mutation in the Russian Federation as a whole. Methods. A three-stage study: 1) a meta-analysis of the literature to determine the proportion of patients with low-grade gliomas and the BRAF:KIAA1549 fusion (56 publications), as well as the BRAF V600E mutation (68 publications); 2) a study of the prevalence of low-grade gliomas in 19 regions of Russia; 3) determination of the estimated number of patients and the prevalence of low-grade gliomas with the BRAF:KIAA1549 fusion and the BRAF V600E mutation. Results. According to the meta-analysis, the frequency of BRAF:KIAA1549 fusion is 54.6% [95% CI 50.7-58.5], the frequency of BRAF V600E mutation is 13.2% [95% CI 11.1-15.5] of the total number of children with low-grade gliomas. The prevalence of low-grade gliomas in children in 2025 was 2.7 per 100,000 children aged 0-17 years (95% CI 2.2-3.4) – 647-1004 cases. The expected prevalence of low-grade gliomas overall ranged from 2.2 to 3.4 per 100,000 children aged 0–17 years, including those with the BRAF:KIAA1549 fusion – from 1.1 to 2.0 per 100,000 children aged 0–17 years (328-587 cases), and those with the BRAF V600E mutation – from 0.2 to 0.5 per 100,000 children aged 0–17 years (72-156 cases). Conclusion. The study results allow us to estimate the expected need for equipment and consumables for diagnosing BRAF:KIAA1549 fusion and BRAF V600E mutation, as well as the need for targeted therapy for treating these patients.