Introduction: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults is frequently accompanied by cognitive decline and changes in body composition. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is of particular interest; however, its association with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in this patient population remains insufficiently studied. Objective: to investigate the association of sarcopenia, obesity, SO, and MCI in older patients with T2DM. Materials and Methods: the study included 205 patients with T2DM (mean age, 67,2±4,9 years). Anthropometric parameters, body mass index (BMI), body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength, and gait speed were evaluated using standard methods. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). According to body composition and muscle status, patients were divided into four groups: normal body composition (n=30), obesity (n=67), sarcopenia (n=63), and SO (n=45). Results: MCI was identified in 46,7% of patients with normal body composition, 52,2% of those with obesity, 73,0% of those with sarcopenia, and 75,6% of those with SO (p=0.038). Mean MoCA scores were 24,9±2,8; 24,1±2,9; 22,8±3,0, and 22,1±3,1 points, respectively (p